The lithospheric material bends or breaks when stressed, while the asthenospheric material, due to the higher temperature and pressure, flows in response to convective heat from Earth's interior.North American, South American, Pacific, African, Eurasian, Australian-Indian, and Antarctic.Constructive plate margins (divergent plate boundaries)are the divergent boundaries where two plates move apart relative to each other. "Ridge push" describes one of the driving forces in plate tectonic movements. The conservative margins are the transform boundaries where two plates slide past each other.the plates move past each other and are characterized by earthquakes, but no volcanic activity with their motion parallel to the boundary. Most abundant element in the earth's crust: OxygenAccretion is the accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter, typically gaseous matter, in an accretion disk.In planetary science, planetary differentiation is the process of separating out different constituents of a planetary body as a consequence of their physical or chemical behaviour, where the body develops into compositionally distinct layers; the denser materials of a planet sink to the center, while less dense materials rise to the surface, generally in a magma ocean.

A mineral's luster is the manner in which light reflects from the mineral's surface.Explain how minerals are classified and name the most abundant mineral group in Earth's crust.1.

What is the age of the EARTH? The geologic time scale is the “calendar” for events in Earth history. The destructive plate margins are the convergent boundaries where two plates converge toward each other. Slab pull occurs when old, cold, and dense lithosphere is subducted and is pulled down into the mantle by gravity and the remainder of the plate is pulled along with it.List the main characteristics that an Earth material must possess to be considered a mineral and describe each.1.

Core (Fe/Ni alloy, inner core (solid) - outer core (liquid) 2.

This difference in density allows the continents to float higher on the underlying mantle.a rocks mineral composition and texture reflect the geological processes that created it.focuses on the materials that Earth is made of and the processes that operate on the surface and inside Earth.focuses on the origin of Earth and how Earth and life on it have changed through time.would include volcanic activity, floods, and earthquakes.Because of Aristotle's influential reputation as an authority on many subjects, his non- scientific and arbitrary descriptions about the natural world remained accepted which inhibited other investigations into questions about Earth until after the Renaissance.holds that Earth's features were formed by sudden and unrelated catastrophes. Start studying Geologic Time. Geology can also include the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars or the Moon.

What is the age of the UNIVERSE?

Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. How do we know when it happened?

Created by. Electrons are significantly less massive than protons and neutrons, and electrons have a negative electrical charge.Distinguish among ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds.Ionic bonds are formed when oppositely charged ions attract one another and form an electrically neutral compound. How do we know this?4,567,000,000 (4.567 billion years old) based on meteorites4.5 Billion years old (we know because of the red shift vs. blue shift aka the doppler effect.What is the age of the UNIVERSE? A second type of hydrothermal deposit is the disseminated hydrothermal deposit.Compare and contrast the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens with the eruption of Kilauea, which began in 1983 and continues today.The 1980 eruption of Mt.

Jupiter + Saturn are composed of gases especially Hydrogen, which is one of the most abundant element of the universe.

Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The most basic local unit of stratigraphy is the formation • A particular rock unit is grouped into a formation based on a distinctive appearance and/or other characteristics: - Lithology (rock type) - Color - Sedimentary structures - Certain depositional patterns

¦ Cinder cones are small relative to the other major kinds of volcanoes, reflecting the fact that they form quickly, in single eruptive events. In contrast, a typical eruption of Kilauea Volcano generates quiet outpourings of fluid lava.Explain why some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are quiescent.Magmas with higher viscosities result in more explosive eruptions and magmas with lower viscosities result in less explosive, more quiescent eruptions. Gravity. Such a process tends to create a core and mantle.early Earth is hot due to violent impacts and •and the abundance of short lived radio-active elements (Al26)What do we have as evidence that differentiation occured?The biggest rocks (> 20 km) in the early Solar System developed metallic coresDifferentiation of Early Earth rendered a "layered" planet (much like an apple) comprised of a dense (primarily iron) core, a light crust, and a "residual" mantle.How many years after core formation did moon formation begin to occur? "Explain why plates such as the African and Antarctic plates are getting larger, while the Pacific plate is getting smaller.The African and Antarctic plates, being bounded mostly by constructive divergent boundaries, are growing in size. As magma rises through the crust, it displaces the preexisting crustal rocks which are referred to as the "country rock" or "host rock.

Once a hypothetical explanation is subjected to many tests and scrutiny and is not eliminated as a viable explanation, it can be considered a theory.starts by asking a question and collecting data related to the question. Because they are unconsolidated, cinder cones easily succumb to weathering and erosion.Explain the formation, distribution, and characteristics of composite volcanoes.Composite volcanoes are called " composite" because they consist of both pyroclastic material and lava flows.

By: Erica Nissley.

Geologic time spans are divided into units and subunits, the largest of which are eons. These tidal forces deformed the molten body into an ellipsoid, with the major axis pointed towards Earth. Flashcards. What is Vaporization?-the change from a liquid to a vapor.


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