The solid phase is usually the drug substance, which is insoluble or very poorly soluble in the matrix.
attained by giving the particles a surface charge. The dissolution time can be modified for a rapid effect or for Special coatings can make the tablet resistant to the A capsule is a gelatinous envelope enclosing the active substance.
Pharmaceutical Suspensions and Emulsions 1. The possible types of excipients used in the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions include:Because suspensions are thermodynamically unstable system, physical stability of suspensions becomes as important as the chemical and biological stability.
This time span needs to be measured in order to provide accurate information to the consumer and ensure the best product quality. Sweeteners: Sweeteners are often added to suspensions to reduce any unpleasant taste of the partially dissolved drug and to improve palatability in general. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the An example of a suspension would be sand in water.
Mixing of low quantity ingredients, such as colorants, can be challenging.
These include particle size, shape, charge, size distribution, residual moisture content, flowability, compatibility, and any aggregation tendency. Glycerin is mildly antimicrobial and antiviral and is an FDA approved treatment for wounds. In the worst case, aggregation can lead to the formation of a nonresuspendable sediment, known as caking. Pharmaceutical suspensions are used when the drug is insoluble per se, in addition to being more stable in the form of a suspension or emulsion. IntroductionIntroduction A Pharmaceutical suspension is a disperse system in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly as finely divided insoluble particles throughout the external phase. Usually, such ingredients are premixed and/or adsorbed on the surface of another higher quantity ingredient before being mixed with the rest of the material. The suspended particles are visible under a A suspension of liquid droplets or fine solid particles in a gas is called an Suspensions are unstable from a thermodynamic point of view but can be kinetically stable over a longer period of time, which in turn can determine a suspension's shelf life. 1-25Rationale Design of Stable Lyophilized Protein Formulations: Some Practical Advice, Carpenter et al, Pharmaceutical Research, Vol 14, No.8, 1977 Development of stable suspensions over the shelf life of the drug product continues to be a challenge on many fronts. A bottle of glycerin purchased at a pharmacy. Storing a dispersion at high temperatures enables simulation of real life conditions for a product (e.g. Capsules can be designed to remain intact for some hours after There are a number of methods by which tablets and capsules can be modified in order to allow for sustained release of the active compound as it moves through the Another method by which sustained release is achieved is through an These are also called injectable formulations and are used with Most protein formulations are parenteral due to the fragile nature of the molecule which would be destroyed by enteric administration. For orally administered drugs, this usually involves incorporating the drug into a Preformulation involves the characterization of a drug's physical, chemical, and mechanical properties in order to choose what other ingredients (It is unlikely that formulation studies will be complete by the time Formulated drugs are stored in container closure systems for extended periods of time. and Hershenson, S. 2002. In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation.The particles may be visible to the naked eye, usually must be larger than one micrometer, and will eventually settle, although the mixture is only classified as a suspension when and while the particles have not settled out.
Thermal methods are the most commonly used and consists in increasing temperature to accelerate destabilisation (below critical temperatures of phase and degradation).
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